What term refers to the unauthorized revelation of confidential information?

The term that accurately describes the unauthorized revelation of confidential information is a data breach. A data breach occurs when sensitive, protected, or confidential data is accessed or disclosed without proper authorization, often leading to serious consequences for individuals and organizations involved.

Espionage generally refers to the act of obtaining confidential information through spying, typically for political or military purposes. While it involves unauthorized access to information, it is context-specific and not synonymous with any unauthorized revelation of information in general.

Whistleblowing involves reporting unethical or illegal activities within an organization, typically by someone with insider knowledge. It is often considered a protective act aimed at revealing wrongdoing, rather than a breach of confidentiality.

Confidentiality violation is a broader term but lacks the specificity of data breach, which is the more commonly used term in the context of cybersecurity and unauthorized disclosures.

Thus, the correct answer is data breach, as it precisely identifies the context and implications of unauthorized information disclosure.